This is a seminar about the ways that urban design contributes to the distribution of political power and resources in cities.

"Design," in this view, is not some value-neutral aesthetic applied to efforts at urban development but is, instead, an integral part of the motives driving that development. Though many urban designers and architects often seem to regard "good design" as somehow independent from social and political factors affecting its production and use, design efforts are influenced by politics in at least two important ways. First, urban design proposals may be subject to challenge by a variety of groups during the planning process. Second, political values, whether tacit or explicit, are encoded in the resultant designs.

The class investigates the nature of the relations between built form and political purposes through close examination of a wide variety of situations where public and private sector design commissions and planning processes have been clearly motivated by political pressures, as well as situations where the political assumptions have remained more tacit. We will explore cases from both developed and developing countries.

Applying insights from architects, planners, political scientists, historians, anthropologists, and philosophers, we will analyze urban design from a variety of perspectives, including gender-based and class-based critiques. Cases discussed will include extreme examples of politically charged environments: Hitler's megalomaniacal plan for Berlin, Mussolini's interventions in and around Rome, as well as designs for new capital cities around the world (Washington, D.C., New Delhi, Canberra, Brasília, etc.).

We will also explore less extreme settings for urban design politics closer to home: public housing, public squares, shopping malls, neo-traditional neighborhoods (aka "New Urbanism"), gated communities, closed streets, and 'cybercities'.

The format of the class will be part slide lecture, part discussion. Participants will be responsible for four things: 1) Completion of readings in advance of each class (those marked with an asterisk will be assigned to specific seminar participants; all others are to be read by everyone); 2) Involvement in seminar discussions, including at least one short presentation; 3) A series of short written exercises that attempt to extract the "design politics" from selected readings; 4) A term paper on a topic analyzing both the design and political history of an urban design intervention, to be presented during the final sessions of the class.