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Undergraduate Programs

Contact

Tessa Haynes
Undergraduate Degree Administrator
thaynes@mit.edu

Undergraduate Handbook

View 2025-2026 version

Majors and Minors at MIT

When you apply to MIT, you apply to the entire university, not to a specific major or school. All first-year students begin MIT with an undeclared major. During freshman year, MIT will provide academic fairs, lectures, seminars, exploratory classes, and other programs to help students determine which major will suit them best; they then are free to choose from MIT’s majors, without any additional requirements or admission procedures.

MIT offers a total of 53 major and 58 minor programs. Choosing a major is an important decision and is not necessarily the same as choosing a career, but for many students, their undergraduate major choice leads directly to a specific field and/or career. MIT is an interdisciplinary institution with a wealth of ongoing cross-departmental research.

Students declare their majors prior to their sophomore year, though most students do so by the end of their first year. Data on how many students choose each major is available from the MIT Registrar’s Office. Approximately 15 percent of students choose to double major; students may also choose up to two minors. Students who successfully complete a minor program will have the field of study specified on their student transcript, thus giving recognition of focused work in the discipline.

Course 4 and 4B Majors

The Department of Architecture offers two undergraduate majors providing a deep and broad education in the fields of architecture, art, and design. Course 4 leads to the Bachelor of Science in Architecture (BSA), and Course 4B leads to the Bachelor of Science in Art and Design (BSAD).

Situated in MIT’s rich and intense educational environment, the program emphasizes the interconnected relationship between architecture; design; building technology; computation; and the history, theory and criticism of architecture, art, and design. The Department’s extensive offerings reflect the program’s commitment to the cultural, social, political, technological and ecological issues of the built environment. The offerings also reflect the idea that teaching art and design not just as a means to an end, but rather a form of knowledge and creative practice. Committed to a rigorous and interdisciplinary approach, both programs challenge students to be creative, innovative, and responsible leaders in the field.

The curriculum for both the BSA and BSAD are structured to teach essential basics in multiple disciplines and provide flexibility for exploration. The range of studios, lectures, workshops and seminars provides an active learning environment in which individual creativity and criticality can be nurtured. The programs are continually evolving to engage new ways of thinking about architecture, art and design.

Approximately 250 students register in the department each year, of whom about 45 are undergraduate majors and 50 are undergraduate minors. The Department offers over 100 courses annually (graduate and undergraduate) taught by a faculty of 70.

First-Year Subjects

First-Year Advising Seminars

4.A02 DesignPlus: Exploring Design Across MIT

Prof. John Ochsendorf, Architecture

Paul Pettigrew, Architecture

This seminar will help first-year students to explore possibilities in design across many fields at MIT. Design is a creative and interdisciplinary means of discovering problems and solutions. This seminar will help first-year students connect with design-oriented peers and faculty, and learn about ways to build design into the rest of their MIT education, regardless of major. The seminar is flexible to account for diverse student interests within the field of design. Through guest speakers, design exercises, and site visits, students will gain a broad perspective on designing and making across MIT.

Enrollment limited to students in the DesignPlus First Year Learning Community.

4.A20 DNA Origami Art

Matej (Matt) Vakula, Architecture

Fold DNA to create nanometer-scale art!  Learn the basic theory, CAD tools, and methods for folding DNA to create designed geometric shapes. This seminar will provide participants with hands-on experience in creating art using DNA origami technology, from design to assembly. We will also explore DNA imaging techniques utilizing atomic force microscopy. Students will integrate scientific approaches with aesthetics and design, considering the cultural implications of this emerging technology.

Department of Architecture Introductory Subjects

4.02A Design Studio: How to Design Intensive

9 units, IAP, HASS-A

This class is for students who are intending to major or minor in architecture or design. It is the first in a series of required design studios that Introduces fundamental design principles and combines hands-on practice with design theory. The class meets daily for three weeks during IAP and students receive HASS-A credit. It is the equivalent of 4.021 offered during Fall and Spring terms.

4.021 Design Studio: How to Design

12 units, Fall and Spring, HASS-A, Skylar Tibbits & Paul Pettigrew

This class is for students who are intending to major or minor in architecture or design. It is the first in a series of required design studios that Introduces fundamental design principles and combines hands-on practice with design theory. Develops students’ ability to apply the foundations of design to any discipline. Students receive HASS-A credit.

4.110J Design Across Scales and Disciplines

12 units, Spring, HASS-A, Nicholas de Monchaux

This subject explores the reciprocal relationship between design, science, and technology. It covers a wide range of topics, such as industrial design, architecture, visualization/perception, design computation, material ecology, environmental design and environmental sustainability. Students examine how transformations in science and technology have influenced design thinking and vice versa, and develop methodologies for design research by collaboration on design solutions to interdisciplinary problems. It satisfies the HASS-A requirement.

4.605 A Global History of Architecture

12 units, Spring, HASS-A, Mark Jarzombek

This popular introductory class is a survey on the history of architecture and urbanism from Ancient Egypt to the present. The course satisfies one of the required classes for the major in Course 4, the HASS-A requirement, and provides a solid background for other classes in architecture history.

4.657 Design: The History of Making Things

12 Units, Spring, HASS-A, CI-H, Timothy Hyde & Kristel Smentek

The class examines themes in the history of design, with emphasis on Euro-American theory and practice in their global contexts. It addresses the historical design of communications, objects, and environments as meaningful processes of decision-making, adaptation, and innovation. It critically assesses the dynamic interaction of design with politics, economics, technology, and culture in the past and at present. Questions the class will pose include: How have processes and products of design been shaped by new technological possibilities? How have constraints, whether material, legislative, or aesthetic, impacted design? What role has design played in globalizing capitalist consumer desire, and how, in turn, has it been mobilized in the service of alternative economic and political systems? What are the ethics of design in the age of inequality and environmental crisis? Finally, how have the meanings we assign to design been mediated by magazines, exhibitions, corporate communication, glossy design monographs, and advertising?

Course 4 Curriculum

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

The Bachelor of Science in Architecture degree program was updated for the 2025—2026 academic year. Students entering the program in the '25—'26 AY will follow the new program requirements. The requirements and transition chart can be viewed here. Students entering the program before the '25—'26 academic year will have the option to follow the previous degree path, found here. The Bachelor of Science in Architecture (BSA) degree is granted once all 17 General Institute Requirements (GIRs) as well as the department requirements of 192 units have been completed.

Architecture Design Studios

  • 4.021 or 4.02A Design Studio: How to Design (HASS-A, 12 or 9 units respectively) — 4.02A is an IAP intensive studio
  • 4.022 Design Studio: Introduction to Design Techniques & Technologies (12 units; prerequisite: 4.021/4.02A)
  • 4.023 Architecture Design Studio 1 (24 units; prerequisite: 4.022)
  • 4.024 Architecture Design Studio 2 (24 units; prerequisites: 4.023, 4.401 and 4.500)

Academic Subjects in Art, History, Computation and Building Technology

  • 4.302 Foundations in Art, Design and Spatial Practices, (CI-M, 12 units)
  • 4.401 Environmental Technologies in Buildings, (12 units, GIR REST)
  • 4.440J Introduction to Structural Design, (GIR LAB, 12 units; prerequisite: 18.02)
  • 4.500 Design Computing: Art, Objects and Space, (12 units)
  • 4.603 Understanding Modern Architecture, (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • Two Restrictive Electives, from list below
  • 4.THT Thesis Prep (CI-M, 12 units)
  • 4.THU Thesis (12 units) 

Restricted Electives

Architecture Design and Studies

  • 4.041 Design Studio: Advanced Product Design (12 units)
  • 4.053 Visual Communication Fundamentals (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.250J Introduction to Urban Design adn Development (12 units)

Art, Culture and Technology (ACT)

  • 4.307 Art, Architecture and Urbanism in Dialogue (FA, 12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.314 Advanced Workshop in Artistic Practice and Transdisciplinary Research (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.322 Introduction to Three-Dimensional Art Work (FA, 12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.341 Introduction to Photography & Related Media (FA & SP, 12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.344 Advanced Photography and Related Media (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.354 Introduction to Video and Related Media (FA, 12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.356 Cinematic Migrations (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.368 Studio Seminar in Public Art/Public Space (SP, 12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.373 Advanced Projects in Art, Culture, and Technology (12 units, HASS-A)

Building Technology (BT)

  • 4.432 Modeling Urban Energy Flows for Sustainable Cities and Neighborhoods (12 units)
  • 4.451 Computational Structural Design and Optimization (12 units)

Computation

  • 4.501 Tiny Fab: Advanced Applications in Digital Fabrication (12 units)
  • 4.502 Advanced Visualization: Architecture in Motion Graphics (12 units)
  • 4.507 Introduction to Buidling Information Modeling in Architecture (12 units)
  • 4.520 Visual Computing 1 (12 units)
  • 6.1040 Software Design (18 units)
  • 6.4400 Computer Graphics (12 units)
  • 6.8371 Digital and Computational Photography (12 units)
  • CMS.405 Visual Design (12 units)
  • CMS.631  Data Storytelling Studio
  • CMS.633 Digital Humanities I: Topics, Techniques, and Technologies (12 units) 

History, Theory, and Criticism of Architecture, Art, and Design (HTC)

  • 4.601 Introduction to Art History  (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.602 Modern Art and Mass Culture (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.605 A Global History of Architecture (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.606 Environmental Histories of Architecture (12 units, HASS-H)
  • 4.614 Building Islam (12 units,  HASS-A)
  • 4.635 Early Modern Architecture and Art (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.636 Topics in European Medieval Architecture and Art (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.651 Art Since 1940 (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.657 The History of Making Things (12 units, CI-H, HASS-A)

Communication Requirement

MIT's Communication Requirement is designed to ensure that all undergraduates learn to write and speak effectively. All undergraduates receive substantial instruction and practice in general expository writing and speaking as well as in the forms of discourse common to their professional fields.

MIT undergraduates must complete two Communication Intensive subjects in the humanities, arts and social sciences (CI-H) and two Communication Intensive subjects in their major (CI-M). By the end of freshman year, students should have completed one CI-H subject. One of the four Communication Intensive class to fulfill the requirement must be taken each year. A current list of available CI-H subjects can be found on the MIT Undergraduate Communication Requirement website.

The following subjects fulfill the CI-M requirement for Course 4 and 4B majors:

  • 4.302 Foundations in Art, Design and Spatial Practices (spring term, both majors)
  • 4.THT Thesis Research Design Seminar (fall term; both majors)

4.302 is normally completed by the spring of the junior year; 4.THT is taken in the fall of the senior year, unless the student is planning on applying to ETH, in which case it must be taken in the junior year. 

Course 4B Curriculum

Bachelor of Science in Art and Design

The Bachelor of Science in Art and Design degree program was updated for the 2025—2026 academic year. Students entering the program in the '25—'26 AY will follow the new program requirements. The requirements and transition chart can be viewed here. Students entering the program before the '25—'26 academic year will have the option to follow the previous degree path, found here. The Bachelor of Science in Art and Design provides a rigorous but flexible program of study in which students learn fundamental principles of art and design while pursuing an area of concentration across a spectrum of possibilities. The degree is granted once all 17 General Institute Requirements (GIRs) and all departmental requirements have been met.

Required Design Studios

  • 4.021 or 4.02A Design Studio: How to Design, (HASS-A, 12 or 9 units respectively) — 4.02A is an IAP intensive studio
  • 4.053 Visual Communication Fundamentals (12 units, HASS-A)
  • 4.031 Design Studio: Objects and Interaction (12 units)
    OR   4.032 Design Studio: Information and Visualization (12 units)

Required Foundation Subjects

  • 4.110 Design Across Scales and Disciplines (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.302 Foundations in Art, Design and Spatial Practices, (CI-M, 12 units)
  • 4.500 Design Computing: Art, Objects and Space, (12 units)
  • 4.657 Design: The History of Making Things, (HASS-A, CI-H, 12 units)

Thesis Subjects

All 4-B majors are required to do a senior thesis and must take 4.THT, Thesis Research Design Seminar, the fall prior to submitting the thesis.

  • 4.THTJ Thesis Research Design Seminar (CI-M, 12 units)
  • 4.THU Undergraduate Thesis (12 units)

Restricted Electives

Select 48 units  or four courses from among any of the three categories below

Objects

  • 4.031 *Design Studio: Objects and Interaction (12 units)
  • 4.041 Design Studio: Advanced Product Design (12 units, prerequisite: 4.031 or permission of instructor)
  • 4.043 Design Studios: Advanced Interaction (12 units, prerequisite: 4.031 or permission of instructor)
  • 4.118 Creative Computing (12 units, prerequisite: 4.500)
  • 4.250J Intro to Urban Design and Development (12 units)
  • 4.451 Computational Structural Design & Optimization (12 units, prerequisite: 4.440 or 2.001 or 1.050 and 6.0001 + 6.0002 or 1.000)
  • 4.501 Advanced Design Projects in Digital Fabrication (12 units, prerequisite: 4.500)
  • 2.00A Designing for the Future: Earth, Sea, and Space (9 units)
  • 2.00B Toy Product Design (9 units)
  • 2.00 Introduction to Design (6 units)
  • 2.007 Design and Manufacturing I (12 units, prerequisites 2.001 and 2.670 coreq 2.086)
  • 2.008 Design and Manufacturing II (12 units, prerequisites 2.007 or coreq 2.017 and 2.005 or 2.051)
  • 2.009 The Product Engineering Process (12 units, prerequisites 2.001, 2.003 (2.005 or 2.051), and (2.00B, 2.670, or 2.678))
  • 2.729 D-Lab: Design for Scale (12 units, coreq 2.008 or permission of instructor)
  • 2.739 Product Design and Development (12 units, prerequisites 2.009, 15.761, 15.778, 15.814, or permission of instructor)
  • 2.744 Product Design (12 units, prerequisite 2.009)
  • 2.75 Medical Device Design (12 units, prerequisites 2.008, 6.2040, 6.2050, 6.2060, 22.071, or permission of instructor)
  • EC.720J, 2.722J D-Lab: Design (12 units)

Information

  • 4.032 *Design Studio: Information and Visualization (12 units)
  • 4.053 Visual Communications Fundamentals (12 units)
  • 4.502 Advanced Visualization: Architecture in Motion Graphics (12 units, prerequisite: 4.500)
  • 4.520 Visual Computing 1 (12 units)
  • CMS.405 Visual Design (HASS-H, 12 units)
  • CMS.622 Applying Media Technologies in the Arts and Humanities (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • CMS.633 Digital Humanities I: Topics, Techniques, and Technologies (HASS-H, 12 units)

Art & Experience

  • 4.301 Introduction to Artistic Experimentation (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.307 Art, Architecture and Urbanism in Dialogue (HASS-A, 12 units, prerequisite: 4.301 or 4.302)
  • 4.314 Advanced Workshop in Artistic Practice and Transdisciplinary Research (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.320 Introduction to Sound Creations (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.322 Introduction to Three-Dimensional Art Work (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.341 Introduction to Photography and Related Media (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.344 Advanced Photography and Related Media (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.354 Introduction to Video and Related Media (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 4.602 Modern Art and Mass Culture  (HASS-A, 12 units)
  • 21T.120 Fundamentals of Theater Design (12 units)
  • 21T.121 Drawing for Designers (12 units)
  • 21T.320 Interactive Design and Projetion for Live Performance (12 units) 

* Either 4.031 or 4.032 may be used as a restricted elective if not selected as part of the design studio requirement.

Communication Requirement

MIT's Communication Requirement is designed to ensure that all undergraduates learn to write and speak effectively. All undergraduates receive substantial instruction and practice in general expository writing and speaking as well as in the forms of discourse common to their professional fields.

MIT undergraduates must complete two Communication Intensive subjects in the humanities, arts and social sciences (CI-H) and two Communication Intensive subjects in their major (CI-M). By the end of freshman year, students should have completed one CI-H subject. One of the four Communication Intensive class to fulfill the requirement must be taken each year. A current list of available CI-H subjects can be found on the MIT Undergraduate Communication Requirement website.

The following subjects fulfill the CI-M requirement for Course 4 and 4B majors:

  • 4.023, Architecture Design Studio I (fall term; for BSA)
  • 4.302, Foundations in Art, Design and Spatial Practices (spring term; for BSA and BSAD)
  • 4.THT, Thesis Research Design Seminar (fall term; for BSAD)

4.302 is normally completed by the spring of the junior year. 4.023 is taken in the fall of the junior or senior year. 4.THT is taken in the fall of the senior year.

Course 4 Minors + HASS

A minor is a coherent program providing significant experience in the discipline. Students who successfully complete minor programs will have their fields of study specified as part of their Bachelor of Science degrees, thus giving public recognition of focused work in other disciplines.

The Department of Architecture offers four minors to MIT undergraduate students:

  • Architecture: designed to give students a foundation in the multidisciplinary study of the built environment. The minor allows students to pursue a focused program of study across the Department of Architecture's diverse discipline groups.
  • Design: provides a cohesive program of study that exposes students to the cross-disciplinary field of design. It provides a rigorous conceptual foundation in design along with strong design skills. Gives an introduction to design from concept to completion through contextual critical thinking, experimentations in representation, physical production techniques, critique, iteration and reflection.
  • History of Architecture, Art, and Design (HASS): designed to enable students to concentrate on the historical, theoretical, and critical issues associated with artistic and architectural production.
  • Art, Culture, and Technology (HASS): designed for students interested in hands-on artistic practice and critical debate.

Students majoring in Course 4 or 4B may not minor in either Architecture or Design. However, they may minor in either of the two Humanities, Arts & Social Science (HASS) minors: History of Architecture, Art and Design (HTC) or Art, Culture, and Technology (ACT). 

Download a minor application form for the Architecture and Design Minors, and submit the completed form to the minor advisor, with a copy to arch@mit.edu.

For more information on the two HASS minors (HTC & ACT) and instructions on how to apply, go to the SHASS website.

The HASS Concentration is an integral part of the General Institute Requirements. The Department of Architecture offers three HASS concentrations:

In consultation with the Concentration Advisor, students develop a program of three to four related subjects to promote increased knowledge in that particular field. Students majoring in Course 4 may concentrate in either the HTC or ACT concentrations, and students majoring in Course 4B may concentrate in Design, HTC, or ACT when carefully considering overlapped courses between the programs. Contact Tessa Haynes with questions on overlap allowances. 

Design Studios

Design studios are at the heart of architecture, art, and design education, and MIT offers a broad range of studios devoted to design projects of increasing complexity. Students are introduced to the design process from concept to completion through critical thinking, experimentation, representation, and physical production techniques. Introductory studio provides the background and vocabulary of design. It also helps undergraduates decide whether they want to continue in one of the majors. Fundamental and advanced studios provide a progressive range of experience in form-making.

Introductory Studios

Undergraduate Course 4 and 4B majors take two 12-unit introductory studios. 

Both majors take:

  • 4.021 or 4.02A Design Studio: How to Design (12 or 9 units respectively; HASS-A) — 4.02A is an IAP intensive studio
    Introduces fundamental design principles as a way to demystify design and provide a basic introduction to all aspects of the design process. Through lectures and weekly exercises, students will develop their skills and enable creativity, abstract thinking, representation, iteration and design development. An introductory class intended for students without a design background geared towards enabling more effective collaboration with designers and the ability to apply the foundations of design to any discipline. 

Course 4 students also take:

  • 4.022 Design Studio: Introduction to Design Techniques and Technologies  (12 units; prerequisite: 4.021 or 4.02A)
    Introduces the tools, techniques and technologies of design across a range of projects in a studio environment. The class will explore concepts related to form, function, materials, tools, and physical environments through project-based exercises. Develops familiarity with design process, critical observation, and the translation of design concepts into digital and physical reality. Utilizing traditional and contemporary design techniques and tools, faculty across various design disciplines expose student to a unique cross-section of inquiry.

While Course 4B student take:

  • 4.053 Visual Communication Fundamentals (12 units; HASS-A)

    Provides an introduction to visual communication, emphasizing the development of a visual and verbal vocabulary. Presents the fundamentals of line, shape, color, composition, visual hierarchy, word/image relationships and typography as building blocks for communicating with clarity, emotion, and meaning. Students develop their ability to analyze, discuss and critique their work and the work of the designed world.

Advanced Studios—Course 4

Course 4 (BSA) majors take two more advanced 24-unit architecture design studios:

  • 4.023 Architecture Design Studio 1  (24 units; prerequisite: 4.022)
    Provides instruction in architectural design and project development within design constraints including architectural program and site. Students engage the design process through various two-dimensional and three-dimensional media. Working directly with representational and model making techniques, students gain experience in the conceptual, formal, spatial and material aspects of architecture. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Although the only prerequisite is 4.022, it is advisable to have 4.401, 4.500 and 4.603 completed prior to enrollment in 4.023. It will help inform your work in the class.
  • 4.024 Architecture Design Studio 2  (24 units; prerequisite: 4.023, 4.401 and 4.500)
    Provides instruction in architectural design and project development with an emphasis on social, cultural, or civic programs. Builds on foundational design skills with more complex constraints and contexts. Integrates aspects of architectural theory, building technology, and computation into the design process.  

Advanced Studios—Course 4B

Course 4B (BSAD) majors take one more required 12-unit studio. Students may choose between the following two subjects:

  • 4.031 Design Studio: Objects and Interaction (12 units)
    Overview of design as the giving of form, order, and interactivity to the objects that define our daily life. Follows the path from project to interactive product. Covers the overall design process, preparing students for work in a hands-on studio learning environment. Emphasizes design development and constraints. Topics include the analysis of objects: interaction design and user experience; design methodologies, current dialogues in design; economies of scale vs. means; and role of technology in design. Provides a foundation in prototyping skills such as carpentry, fasting, digital fabrication, electronics, and coding.
  • 4.032 Design Studio: Information and Visualization (12 units)
    Provides and introduction to working with information, data and visualization in a hands-on studio learning environment. Studies the history and theory of information, filled by a series of projects in which students apply the ideas directly. Progresses through basic data analysis, visual designing presentation, and more sophisticated interaction techniques. Topics include storytelling and narrative, choosing representations, understanding audiences, and the role of designers working with data. 

Thesis

The senior thesis is intended for students to culminate their education with a challenge that would demand advanced work and reward them with portfolio material and developed viewpoints on a topic of importance. It is required for both the Bachelor of Science in Art and Design (4B) and for the Bachelor of Science in Architecture (4).

The nature of the work may be an original research or design project that involves additional learning of a substantive nature. The work must be documented with a written thesis, completed to Institute specifications, within the final term of the senior year. For information on thesis deadlines and guidelines regarding thesis review and submission, go to the thesis website at archthesis.mit.edu.

Contact

Tessa Haynes
Undergraduate Degree Administrator
thaynes@mit.edu

Undergraduate Handbook

View 2025-2026 version